18 Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

As I wrote this post, I was genuinely shocked to realise I’ve only been to 4 of these incredible cities so far, and now I’m itching to explore more!

Europe is packed with places that feel like you’re stepping straight into a history book, yet they’re alive with modern energy. From the grand temples of Athens to the historic plazas of Rome, the oldest cities in Europe offer ancient landmarks, rich culture, amazing food, and stories woven into every street corner.

In this post, we’re diving into 18 of Europe’s oldest and most fascinating cities—each one a must-see for anyone who loves history, culture, and a bit of adventure.

Let’s jump into the oldest cities in Europe that should be on your bucket list in 2025.

1. Athens, Greece

ancient ruins near community

Athens stands proudly as one of the oldest cities in Europe, with a history that spans over 3,400 years. Known as the cradle of Western civilization, Athens is home to iconic landmarks like the Acropolis and the Parthenon. Beyond its historical sites, Athens offers vibrant neighborhoods such as Plaka and Monastiraki, where you can explore bustling markets, traditional tavernas, and lively cafes.

Don’t miss the chance to visit the Ancient Agora, where philosophers like Socrates once roamed, or take a stroll through the National Garden for a peaceful escape from the city’s hustle and bustle. Athens blends ancient history with contemporary culture, making it a captivating destination for any traveler.

2. Rome, Italy

old building structure. famous Colosseum. in Rome

Rome, often referred to as the “Eternal City,” is another of the oldest cities in Europe, boasting a history that stretches back over 2,500 years. The city is a rich collection of historical and architectural wonders, including the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Pantheon.

Visitors can also explore Vatican City, home to St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, adorned with Michelangelo’s masterpieces. Rome’s charming piazzas, such as Piazza Navona and Campo de Fiori, are perfect for enjoying Italian cuisine and vibrant street life. Whether you’re wandering through ancient ruins or savoring gelato in a bustling square, Rome offers an unforgettable blend of past and present.

3. Plovdiv, Bulgaria

aerial view of old houses in a community

Plovdiv is one of Europe’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, with a history that dates back over 6,000 years. Located in the heart of Bulgaria, Plovdiv is renowned for its well-preserved Roman theater, ancient stadium, and charming Old Town, featuring colorful Revival-era houses. The city’s vibrant arts scene is evident in its numerous galleries, street art, and cultural festivals.

Visitors can explore the Kapana creative district, known for its eclectic mix of shops, cafes, and artisan workshops. Plovdiv also offers stunning views from the Nebet Tepe Hill, where you can enjoy panoramic vistas of the city and surrounding landscapes. This blend of ancient heritage and modern creativity makes Plovdiv a fascinating destination.

4. Lisbon, Portugal

old building structure tower anear body of water

Lisbon, with its history spanning over 2,800 years, is one of the oldest cities in Europe and a captivating destination for travelers. The city’s picturesque neighborhoods, such as Alfama and Bairro Alto, are characterized by narrow, winding streets, colorful tiles, and historic buildings. Lisbon’s iconic landmarks include the Belém Tower, Jerónimos Monastery, and the São Jorge Castle, which offers stunning views over the city and the Tagus River.

Visitors can also enjoy a traditional Fado performance, savor delicious Portuguese cuisine, or take a scenic tram ride through the hilly streets. Lisbon’s rich maritime history and vibrant cultural scene make it a must-visit city in Europe.

5. Cádiz, Spain

huge cathedral beside some palm trees

Cádiz is one of Europe’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, with roots tracing back over 3,000 years. Located on a narrow slice of land surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Cádiz, the city is renowned for its beautiful beaches, historic architecture, and lively festivals. The old town is a maze of narrow streets and charming plazas, featuring landmarks like the Cádiz Cathedral and the Torre Tavira, which offers panoramic views of the city.

Visitors can explore the vibrant Mercado Central, enjoy fresh seafood at local tapas bars, or relax on La Caleta Beach. Cádiz’s blend of history, culture, and coastal beauty makes it a unique destination worth exploring.

6. Byblos, Lebanon

old brick castle surrounded by green trees

Although not part of the European Union, Byblos is often included in discussions about the oldest cities in Europe due to its significant historical connections with the Mediterranean region. Byblos, with a history dating back over 7,000 years, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its ancient ruins, charming old town, and bustling harbor.

Visitors can explore the Byblos Castle, stroll through the ancient Phoenician port, and visit the vibrant souks filled with local crafts and souvenirs. The city’s rich history is complemented by its modern amenities, including trendy cafes, restaurants, and beachfront promenades. Byblos offers a unique blend of ancient heritage and contemporary charm, making it a fascinating destination.

7. Istanbul, Turkey

aerial view of dome building near body of water

Straddling two continents, Istanbul is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in Europe. With a history that spans over 2,500 years, Istanbul has been the capital of three great empires: Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman. The city is home to iconic landmarks such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the Topkapi Palace.

Visitors can explore the bustling Grand Bazaar, cruise along the Bosphorus Strait, or wander through the historic Sultanahmet district. Istanbul’s unique blend of Eastern and Western cultures, vibrant markets, and stunning architecture make it a must-visit destination in Europe.

8. Matera, Italy

aerial view of community made of old structure houses

Matera, located in the Basilicata region of Italy, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with history dating back over 9,000 years. The city is famous for its ancient cave dwellings, known as “Sassi,” which are carved into the limestone cliffs. Matera’s unique architecture and historical significance earned it a spot as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Visitors can explore the Sassi districts, visit the stunning Matera Cathedral, and enjoy panoramic views from the Murgia Timone Archaeological Park. In recent years, Matera has also become a popular destination for film enthusiasts, serving as a backdrop for several major movies. The city’s blend of ancient history and modern revitalization makes it a captivating destination.

9. Toledo, Spain

aerial view of a city with houses and buildings light up surrounded by trees

Toledo, nestled in central Spain, is one of the historic cities in Europe, with a history that dates back over 2,000 years. Known as the “City of Three Cultures,” Toledo has been a melting pot of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences, which is reflected in its stunning architecture and cultural heritage. The city is home to impressive landmarks such as the Toledo Cathedral, the Alcázar, and the Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca.

Visitors can wander through the narrow, winding streets of the historic center, explore the numerous museums and art galleries, or enjoy panoramic views from the Mirador del Valle. Toledo’s rich history and cultural diversity make it a captivating destination for any traveler.

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10. Valencia, Spain

people walking around an open park with an old structure building at the back

Valencia, one of the oldest cities in Europe, boasts a rich history that dates back over 2,000 years. Located on Spain’s southeastern coast, Valencia seamlessly blends ancient architecture with modern innovation. The historic center is home to the stunning Valencia Cathedral, which is said to house the Holy Grail, and the Silk Exchange (La Lonja de la Seda), a UNESCO World Heritage Site showcasing Gothic architecture. Beyond its historical landmarks, Valencia is renowned for its vibrant arts scene, exemplified by the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences complex.

Visitors can stroll through the lush Turia Gardens, explore the bustling Central Market, or enjoy the lively atmosphere of the Plaza de la Virgen. Valencia’s unique combination of history, culture, and contemporary attractions makes it a must-visit among the historic cities in Europe.

11. Bordeaux, France

people sitting at a fountain in the middle of an open place with old structure building at the back - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Bordeaux, with its origins tracing back to the Roman era, is one of Europe’s oldest cities and a haven for wine enthusiasts. Situated in southwestern France, Bordeaux is renowned for its exquisite vineyards and historic architecture. The city’s waterfront, the Garonne River, is lined with elegant 18th-century buildings, reflecting its prosperous past as a major trading hub.

Visitors can explore the impressive Place de la Bourse, visit the magnificent Saint-André Cathedral, or wander through the charming streets of the Chartrons district, known for its antique shops and wine bars. Bordeaux is also home to the Cité du Vin, an innovative museum dedicated to the world of wine. Whether you’re savoring fine wines, admiring historic structures, or enjoying the vibrant cultural scene, Bordeaux offers a delightful experience for every traveler seeking to explore the oldest cities in Europe.

12. Dubrovnik, Croatia

aerial view of a community near the blue ocean - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Dubrovnik, often referred to as the “Pearl of the Adriatic,” is one of Europe’s oldest and most picturesque cities. Founded in the 7th century, Dubrovnik is famed for its well-preserved medieval walls that encircle the old town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Walking along the ancient city walls offers breathtaking views of the Adriatic Sea and the terracotta rooftops below.

Inside the old town, visitors can explore historic landmarks such as the Rector’s Palace, Sponza Palace, and the stunning Dubrovnik Cathedral. The vibrant Stradun Street is perfect for strolls, shopping, and enjoying local delicacies at charming cafes and restaurants. Dubrovnik also serves as a gateway to the stunning Dalmatian Islands, offering opportunities for island hopping, sailing, and exploring hidden beaches. With its rich history, stunning architecture, and beautiful coastal setting, Dubrovnik stands out among the oldest cities in Europe.

13. Sevilla, Spain

aerial view of an old structure building with water in the middle - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Sevilla, the capital of Andalusia, is one of Europe’s oldest cities, with a history that spans over 2,000 years. Known for its vibrant culture, stunning architecture, and lively festivals, Sevilla offers a captivating experience for visitors. The city is home to the magnificent Seville Cathedral, the largest Gothic cathedral in the world, and the iconic Giralda Tower, which provides panoramic views of the city.

Another must-visit landmark is the Alcázar of Seville, a stunning palace complex blending Moorish, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. Sevilla’s charming neighborhoods, such as Santa Cruz and Triana, are perfect for exploring narrow, winding streets, traditional tapas bars, and flamenco venues. The annual Feria de Abril is a highlight, showcasing colorful parades, music, and dance. With its rich history, cultural vibrancy, and architectural beauty, Sevilla is a standout among the oldest cities in Europe.

14. Nuremberg, Germany

colorful old houses near the bridge and body of water - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Nuremberg, located in the heart of Bavaria, is one of Europe’s oldest and most historically significant cities. With origins dating back to the early Middle Ages, Nuremberg played a crucial role in the Holy Roman Empire and is renowned for its well-preserved medieval architecture. The Nuremberg Castle, perched atop a hill, offers stunning views of the city and houses several museums that delve into the region’s history.

The historic old town is a labyrinth of cobblestone streets, charming squares, and impressive churches, including the St. Lorenz Church and the Frauenkirche. Nuremberg is also famous for its traditional Christmas market, one of the oldest and most beloved in Germany, attracting visitors from around the world. Additionally, the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds provides a profound insight into the city’s complex history during World War II. Nuremberg’s blend of medieval charm and historical depth makes it a must-visit among the oldest cities in Europe.

15. Kraków, Poland

old high rise structure building in between other old buildings- Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Kraków, one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in Europe, is a cultural and historical gem in southern Poland. Founded in the 7th century, Kraków served as the capital of Poland for several centuries and remains a vibrant center of Polish culture and education. The city’s well-preserved medieval core is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring stunning landmarks such as Wawel Castle, the majestic Wawel Cathedral, and the historic Cloth Hall (Sukiennice) in the Main Market Square.

Kraków’s old town is a lively area filled with charming cafes, traditional restaurants, and bustling markets. Visitors can explore the vibrant Kazimierz district, known for its rich Jewish heritage, or take a somber trip to the nearby Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. Kraków’s blend of historical significance, architectural beauty, and vibrant cultural scene makes it stand out among the oldest cities in Europe.

16. Thessaloniki, Greece

round castle like tower in the middle of the city near body of water - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Thessaloniki, Greece’s second-largest city, is one of the oldest cities in Europe with a history spanning over 2,300 years. Founded in 315 BC, Thessaloniki has been a vital hub of culture, commerce, and education throughout its long history. The city boasts a rich array of Byzantine monuments, including the Rotunda, the Church of Hagia Sophia, and the Byzantine Walls, which offer panoramic views of the Thermaic Gulf.

Thessaloniki is also renowned for its vibrant culinary scene, blending traditional Greek flavors with modern gastronomy. The lively waterfront promenade is perfect for leisurely walks, while the bustling markets and vibrant street art add to the city’s dynamic atmosphere. Additionally, Thessaloniki hosts numerous festivals and cultural events throughout the year, celebrating everything from music and film to literature and art. With its deep historical roots and vibrant contemporary culture, Thessaloniki is a must-visit among the ancient cities in Europe.

17. Coimbra, Portugal

old structure houses near the bridge - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Coimbra, one of Portugal’s oldest cities, is a charming destination with a history that dates back to Roman times. Nestled along the Mondego River, Coimbra is renowned for its prestigious university, the University of Coimbra, founded in 1290. The university is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring the stunning Joanina Library, the Royal Palace, and the picturesque Botanical Garden. Coimbra’s historic center is filled with narrow streets, traditional Fado music venues, and beautiful churches, such as the Old Cathedral (Sé Velha) and the New Cathedral (Sé Nova).

Visitors can explore the Conímbriga Roman Ruins nearby, one of the largest and best-preserved Roman settlements in Europe. The city also hosts numerous cultural events and festivals, showcasing its rich heritage and vibrant contemporary arts scene. Coimbra’s blend of academic tradition, historical architecture, and cultural vibrancy makes it stand out among the oldest cities in Europe.

18. Braga, Portugal

aerial view of a community with houses and parks - Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025

Braga, one of Portugal’s oldest cities, boasts a history that dates back over 2,000 years. Located in the northern part of the country, Braga is often referred to as the “Portuguese Rome” due to its abundance of religious architecture and historical significance. The city is home to the Bom Jesus do Monte, a stunning sanctuary with a grand baroque stairway leading to the church, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Braga’s historic center is filled with beautiful churches, including the Braga Cathedral (Sé de Braga), one of the oldest in Portugal, and the Church of Santa Maria do Souto.

Visitors can explore the charming plazas, such as Praça da República and Largo da Oliveira, which are perfect for leisurely walks and enjoying local cuisine at traditional restaurants. Braga also hosts numerous cultural festivals and events throughout the year, celebrating its rich heritage and vibrant community.

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Oldest Cities in Europe to Visit in 2025 – Summary

Exploring Europe’s oldest cities feels like stepping into a time machine, each destination offering its own fascinating glimpse into the continent’s diverse and layered history.

From the ancient ruins of Athens and Rome to the quaint cobblestone streets of Coimbra and Braga, these cities have it all—stunning architecture, iconic landmarks, and cultural experiences that leave you buzzing with excitement (and maybe full from all the amazing food!).

Picture yourself haggling at the lively markets of Valencia, walking Dubrovnik’s medieval walls, or sipping a glass of Bordeaux’s finest wine as the sun sets over the vineyards. These places aren’t just steeped in history—they’re alive with moments waiting to be made.

As you plan your 2025 adventures, why not include a few of these timeless gems? They’re more than just destinations; they’re an invitation to soak up the beauty, culture, and stories that make Europe so unforgettable.


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