If you’re anything like me, and drawn to history and culture, nothing beats the charm of exploring a city that’s seen it all.
I may not have a time machine, but I’ve discovered that exploring the world’s oldest cities comes pretty close. Packed with quirky stories, time-worn ruins, and architecture that will blow your mind, I’m sharing my top 20 picks for the oldest cities in the world to visit in 2025.
Whether you’re a history buff, a culture seeker, or just in for a unique adventure, these spots offer a hands-on peek into our past. Let’s check them out together!
The World’s Oldest Cities You Must Visit in 2025
1. Jericho, West Bank
Jericho is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities and deserves a spot on my list for its unique blend of ancient history and modern culture. Nestled in the Jordan Valley, the Tell es-Sultan archaeological site offers a peek into early human settlements.
A scenic cable car ride to the Mount of Temptation promises panoramic views and a touch of spirituality, while the Hisham’s Palace ruins showcase intricate mosaics and striking architecture. With lush palm groves, close proximity to the Dead Sea, and lively local markets, Jericho is a destination that promises both exploration and relaxation.
Top Things to do in Jericho:
- Wander through the Hisham’s Palace ruins and admire its detailed mosaics.
- Explore the Tell es-Sultan archaeological site to uncover early human history.
- Enjoy a cable car ride up to the Mount of Temptation for stunning panoramic views.
2. Byblos, Lebanon
Byblos, often hailed as the cradle of civilization, deserves a spot on my list for its mix of ancient history and modern charm. This city offers a glimpse into the past through its well-preserved Phoenician ruins, where temples and necropolises whisper stories of bygone eras.
Overlooking the Mediterranean, Byblos Castle provides panoramic views along with a taste of Crusader history, while the charming cafes and boutiques along the vibrant waterfront invite relaxed strolls and local discovery.
Top Things to do in Byblos:
- Stroll along the lively waterfront and dive into the local culture at its bustling souks.
- Explore the ancient Phoenician ruins to uncover centuries of history.
- Visit Byblos Castle for sweeping Mediterranean views and a touch of Crusader legacy.
3. Aleppo, Syria
Aleppo is a city with a history spanning millennia, and is a true symbol of resilience and rich Middle Eastern culture. I haven’t been there yet, but the stories and heritage make it a must-visit destination.
The historic Aleppo Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dominates the skyline and offers a window into the city’s strategic past. Meanwhile, the bustling Al-Madina Souq, one of the largest covered markets in the world, promises a lively taste of local commerce and craftsmanship.
And then there’s the Great Mosque of Aleppo, with its stunning architecture and intricate details, reflecting the city’s deep cultural and religious roots. Not to mention, Aleppo’s renowned cuisine blends traditional Middle Eastern flavors with unique local twists.
Top Things to do in Aleppo:
- Visit the Great Mosque of Aleppo and indulge in the city’s culinary delights.
- Explore the historic Aleppo Citadel to dive into its storied past.
- Wander through Al-Madina Souq for an authentic local market experience.
4. Damascus, Syria
Damascus, often known as the oldest continuously inhabited capital, proudly ranks among the oldest cities in the world.
Its rich history and culture is evident in every corner; from the awe-inspiring Umayyad Mosque, with its elegant Islamic design and tranquil courtyards, to the maze-like alleys of the Old City filled with bustling bazaars like the Al-Hamidiyah Souq.
The Azm Palace offers a peek into its Ottoman past, while the National Museum of Damascus houses artifacts spanning thousands of years. With its blend of ancient heritage and modern vibrancy, Damascus is a must-see destination.
Top Things to Do in Damascus:
- Discover the Azm Palace and National Museum to delve into the city’s rich history.
- Visit the Umayyad Mosque to experience its stunning architecture.
- Explore the Old City and wander through the lively Al-Hamidiyah Souq.
5. Varanasi, India
Varanasi is one of the oldest cities in the world and is often seen as India’s spiritual center. I found it to be one of the most profound places I have ever visited.
The city, which feels like it’s bathed in a constant sepia tone, sits on the banks of the sacred River Ganges and serves as a hub for Hindu pilgrimage and rituals.
I was mesmerised by the burning ceremonies along the Ghats and the vibrant evening aarti (which we watched from a boat on the river), which bring centuries of tradition to life. Wandering its narrow streets, I experienced ancient temples, bustling markets, and historic colleges that have long been centers of learning.
The Kashi Vishwanath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, stands as a powerful symbol of devotion. For a more immersive experience, I highly recommend hiring a local guide to help you uncover all the layers of history and spirituality that make Varanasi so unique.
Top Things to Do in Varanasi:
- Explore the narrow streets and historic temples with a knowledgeable local guide. (I recommend Roobaroo)
- Witness the burning ceremonies and evening aarti along the Ghats.
- Take a sunrise boat ride on the Ganges to see the city in a new light.
6. Athens, Greece
Athens is known as the birthplace of Western civilization and is one of the oldest cities in the world. I first visited the Acropolis when I was about 12, and I’d love to go back someday.
The Acropolis, with its iconic Parthenon, stands as a solid reminder of ancient Greek ingenuity and offers impressive views of the city. The Acropolis Museum displays artifacts that tell Athens’ long history, while wandering through the narrow streets of Plaka reveals cozy tavernas and local shops.
The Ancient Agora gives a glimpse into everyday life in ancient Athens, and the city’s modern dining and nightlife add a lively touch to your visit.
Top Things to Do in Athens:
- Visit the Ancient Agora to experience the heart of ancient Athenian life.
- Revisit the Acropolis to see the Parthenon and enjoy panoramic views.
- Explore the Acropolis Museum and wander through the historic Plaka neighborhood.
7. Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Plovdiv is one of the oldest cities in the world, with over 6,000 years of history. Offering a direct encounter with its past, you could find yourself watching a performance at the Ancient Theater of Philippopolis or strolling through the charming Old Town with its cobblestone streets and Renaissance-era houses.
Exploring the Roman Stadium and Forum gives you deeper insight into its ancient roots, while the lively Kapana district bursts with street art, boutiques, and trendy eateries. With festivals celebrating music and cuisine throughout the year, Plovdiv combines history with a modern, creative vibe.
Top Things to Do in Plovdiv:
- Explore the Kapana district for street art, unique shops, and great food.
- Watch a performance at the Ancient Theater of Philippopolis.
- Stroll through the Old Town to admire historic architecture and local cafes.
8. Jerusalem, Israel
Jerusalem is a city sacred to multiple religions and one of the oldest cities in the world. Its Old City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is divided into distinct quarters representing Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The Western Wall reflects deep-rooted traditions of prayer, while the Church of the Holy Sepulchre marks a pivotal site in Christian history. The Dome of the Rock, with its iconic golden dome, stands out as a striking example of Islamic architecture. The bustling Mahane Yehuda market offers a burst of local flavor, and the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial ensures the city’s complex past is remembered.
Due to ongoing tensions, Jerusalem might be an unlikely destination in 2025. Still, I couldn’t have a post about the oldest cities in the world without including it, plus it’s one of my top 10 on my bucket list. If and when I get there, here are some of the top things I would do;
Top Things to Do in Jerusalem:
- Experience the vibrant Mahane Yehuda market and reflect at the Yad Vashem Memorial.
- Explore the Old City and its distinct religious quarters.
- Visit the Western Wall, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and Dome of the Rock.
9. Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul, one of the oldest cities in the world with a history spanning over 2,600 years (founded as Byzantium in 667 BC), is a dynamic metropolis straddling two continents. Its strategic location has made it a melting pot of cultures, religions, and histories, offering a unique travel experience in 2025.
The iconic Hagia Sophia, with its majestic dome and intricate mosaics, stands as a testament to its Byzantine and Ottoman heritage, while the Blue Mosque, with its renowned blue tiles and graceful minarets, is a must-see architectural marvel. Touring Topkapi Palace provides insight into the opulent lives of Ottoman sultans, and the bustling Grand Bazaar offers a vibrant shopping experience in one of the oldest covered markets in the world.
A leisurely cruise along the Bosphorus showcases a skyline where historic landmarks mingle with modern skyscrapers, and the diverse culinary scene, from street food to fine dining, ensures every meal is a delight. (Plus I love Turkish food – can’t wait to try it!)
Top Things to Do in Istanbul:
- Take a Bosphorus cruise to see the blend of ancient and modern cityscapes.
- Visit the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque to explore the city’s historic heritage.
- Tour Topkapi Palace and browse the Grand Bazaar for local flavor.
10. Luxor, Egypt
Luxor, often called an open-air museum, is one of the oldest cities in the world with a history stretching back thousands of years and is truly a cornerstone of Egypt’s ancient heritage.
I visited Luxor back in 2010 on a Nile Cruise, and I thought every site we saw was nothing short of spectacular! Situated on the east bank of the Nile, Luxor is packed with unforgettable ancient monuments and vibrant local culture.
The Karnak Temple Complex, with its vast array of sanctuaries, pylons, and obelisks, shows off the architectural achievements of ancient Egypt. Nearby, the Luxor Temple lights up in the evening, creating a magical atmosphere that adds to the city’s charm. A short drive across the Nile brings you to the Valley of the Kings, where the tombs of pharaohs, including that of Tutankhamun, are decorated with intricate hieroglyphics and artwork.
The Temple of Hatshepsut, dedicated to one of Egypt’s few female pharaohs, reveals the innovative spirit of the era. I highly recommend hiring a local guide to help you dive into the rich history and fascinating stories behind these incredible sites.
Top Things to Do in Luxor:
- Hire a knowledgeable guide to uncover the history behind the Temple of Hatshepsut and other landmarks.
- Tour the Karnak Temple Complex and witness ancient Egyptian architecture up close.
- Experience the evening magic at Luxor Temple and explore the Valley of the Kings.
11. Luoyang, China
Luoyang, one of the oldest cities in the world, has a history stretching back over 4,000 years and is a key cultural and historical hub in China. Sitting in the heart of the country, it has been the capital of multiple dynasties and is filled with remarkable ancient sites.
The Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, feature thousands of Buddhist statues carved into limestone cliffs which makes an awe-inspiring glimpse into ancient Chinese artistry and religious devotion. The White Horse Temple, known as China’s first Buddhist temple, offers peaceful gardens and striking traditional architecture.
Luoyang is also famous for its annual Peony Festival, when the city bursts into color as visitors gather to admire its iconic blooms. The Luoyang Museum houses fascinating artifacts from the Han Dynasty, giving deeper insight into the region’s past. And for a taste of modern culture, the city’s lively night markets and contemporary art galleries highlight how Luoyang continues to evolve while honoring its ancient roots.
Top Things to Do in Luoyang:
- Experience the Luoyang Peony Festival and stroll through the city’s vibrant night markets.
- Explore the Longmen Grottoes and marvel at ancient Buddhist carvings.
- Visit the White Horse Temple, the first Buddhist temple in China.
12. Susa, Iran
Dr.anahidashti, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Susa, one of the oldest cities in the world, has a history stretching back over 5,000 years. Located in modern-day Iran’s Khuzestan Province, it was once the capital of the Elamite Empire and later an important city in the Persian Empire.
The archaeological site of Shush reveals the remains of ancient palaces and temples, offering a fascinating look into its past. The famous Code of Hammurabi, now housed in the Louvre, was originally discovered in Susa, underscoring its historical significance.
A visit to the Apadana Palace provides insight into ancient Persian architecture and governance, while the Tomb of Daniel is an important pilgrimage site for those interested in both history and religious heritage. The local bazaars are a great way to experience the region’s culture, with traditional crafts that have been passed down for generations.
Just outside the city, the UNESCO-listed Chogha Zanbil ziggurat stands as a remarkable testament to the engineering skill of the Elamite civilization.
Top Things to Do in Susa:
- Discover the nearby Chogha Zanbil ziggurat, one of the best-preserved Elamite structures.
- Explore the ruins of Shush and the Apadana Palace to uncover the city’s ancient past.
- Visit the Tomb of Daniel, a site of historical and religious significance.
13. Xi’an, China
Xi’an, one of the oldest cities in the world, has been at the heart of Chinese history for over 3,000 years. Once the capital of several major dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang, it played a crucial role in shaping China’s cultural and political landscape.
The city is best known for the awe-inspiring Terracotta Army—thousands of life-sized soldiers and horses buried with China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
A walk along the ancient City Wall, one of the best-preserved in China, offers panoramic views and a glimpse into the city’s historic defenses. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, a revered Buddhist landmark, adds spiritual depth to Xi’an’s heritage. The bustling Muslim Quarter is a sensory delight, packed with street food stalls, markets, and historic mosques that reflect the city’s Silk Road influences.
The Shaanxi History Museum provides deeper insight into the region’s rich past, while the iconic Bell Tower and Drum Tower offer a fascinating look at ancient Chinese timekeeping and culture.
Top Things to Do in Xi’an:
- Explore the lively Muslim Quarter and sample Xi’an’s famous street food.
- Marvel at the Terracotta Army and learn about China’s first emperor.
- Walk or cycle along the ancient City Wall for incredible views.
14. Fez, Morocco
Fez, one of the oldest cities in the world, is a cornerstone of Morocco’s rich cultural and historical heritage. Founded in the 8th century, it’s known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and deep-rooted artisan traditions.
The Fez Medina, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the largest car-free urban areas in the world, where winding alleyways lead to bustling souks, historic mosques, and centuries-old madrasas.
The Bou Inania Madrasa stands out with its intricate tilework and wood carvings, a testament to the city’s artistic craftsmanship. The University of Al Quaraouiyine, recognized as the world’s oldest continuously operating higher educational institution, highlights Fez’s long-standing intellectual influence.
The city’s famous tanneries offer a glimpse into traditional leather-making techniques that have remained unchanged for generations, while the Dar Batha Museum showcases a fascinating collection of Moroccan ceramics, woodwork, and textiles. Fez is also alive with cultural festivals, traditional music, and an incredible food scene that adds to its timeless appeal.
Top Things to Do in Fez:
- Explore the traditional tanneries for a unique look at Morocco’s leather-making heritage.
- Wander through the Fez Medina and experience its historic souks and madrasas.
- Visit the University of Al Quaraouiyine, the oldest operating university in the world.
15. Cádiz, Spain
Cádiz, one of the oldest cities in the world, has a history stretching back over 3,000 years. Perched on a narrow strip of land surrounded by the Atlantic, it has long been an important port city in Spain.
Its old town is a maze of narrow streets, lively plazas, and architecture shaped by Phoenician, Roman, and Moorish influences. The Cádiz Cathedral, with its striking golden dome, is a standout landmark offering panoramic views of the city and sea.
History lovers can explore the ancient Roman Theater, one of the oldest in Spain, or visit the Museo de Cádiz, which houses a fascinating collection of artifacts. For a more laid-back experience, La Caleta Beach provides a perfect spot to unwind by the water.
The city’s Mercado Central is the place to sample Andalusian flavors, from fresh seafood to local delicacies. And if you’re visiting at the right time, Cádiz’s famous Carnival—filled with parades, music, and dancing—makes for an unforgettable experience.
Top Things to Do in Cádiz:
- Relax at La Caleta Beach or dive into the flavors of Mercado Central.
- Climb to the top of Cádiz Cathedral for stunning city and ocean views.
- Visit the ancient Roman Theater and explore the Museo de Cádiz.
16. Beirut, Lebanon
© Vyacheslav Argenberg / http://www.vascoplanet.com/, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Beirut, one of the oldest cities in the world, has been a crossroads of civilizations for thousands of years. Sitting on the Mediterranean coast, it carries the influences of Phoenician, Roman, Ottoman, and French eras, making it a fascinating blend of past and present.
The National Museum of Beirut is the perfect starting point, offering a deep dive into Lebanon’s rich history through its extensive collection of artifacts.
Walking through the historic Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael districts reveals the city’s artistic and culinary side, with galleries, trendy cafes, and a buzzing nightlife. The Roman Baths provide a glimpse into Beirut’s ancient past, while the stunning Jeita Grotto showcases one of the most breathtaking limestone cave systems in the world.
In the city’s Central District, modern skyscrapers stand alongside historic buildings and lively souks, creating a unique urban landscape. A stroll along the Corniche offers beautiful Mediterranean views, and the iconic Pigeon Rocks make for a striking natural landmark and perfect photo spot.
Top Things to Do in Beirut:
- Walk the Corniche and take in the views at the famous Pigeon Rocks.
- Visit the National Museum of Beirut to explore Lebanon’s diverse history.
- Discover the artistic and culinary scene in Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael.
17. Sana’a, Yemen
Sana’a, one of the oldest cities in the world, is a hidden gem that offers a rare and authentic glimpse into ancient Yemeni culture and architecture. Situated in the highlands of Yemen, it has been continuously inhabited for over 2,500 years, making it one of the most historically significant cities in the region.
The Old City of Sana’a, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is famous for its distinctive multi-story buildings decorated with intricate geometric patterns and stained glass windows. Walking through its narrow, winding streets feels like stepping back in time, with bustling souks filled with local crafts, spices, and textiles.
The Great Mosque of Sana’a, with its striking minarets and spacious courtyard, stands as an important spiritual and architectural landmark. Just outside the city, the Dar al-Hajar, or Rock Palace, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape and is a stunning example of traditional Yemeni design. For those eager to explore the city’s deep-rooted history, the National Museum of Yemen showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts spanning centuries.
Top Things to Do in Sana’a:
- Wander through the Old City and explore its historic souks.
- Visit the Great Mosque of Sana’a to admire its architecture and spiritual significance.
- See the Dar al-Hajar (Rock Palace) for incredible views and a look at traditional Yemeni craftsmanship.
18. Lisbon, Portugal
Lisbon, one of the oldest cities in the world, is a vibrant capital that blends rich history with modern charm. Located on Portugal’s western coast, it has been a key maritime hub for centuries, shaped by Roman, Moorish, and Age of Discoveries influences. The historic district of Alfama, with its maze of narrow streets, colorful houses, and traditional Fado music venues, offers a glimpse into the city’s past.
The Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, showcase stunning Manueline architecture and commemorate Portugal’s maritime legacy. São Jorge Castle provides breathtaking views of the city and the Tagus River while offering insight into Lisbon’s strategic role throughout history.
For a more contemporary experience, the LX Factory—a former industrial complex turned cultural hotspot—is packed with art, unique shops, and trendy restaurants. The Bairro Alto district is the place to go for lively nightlife, with bars, clubs, and live music filling the streets after dark.
Lisbon is also a mecca for digital nomads, making it a great place to connect with fellow travelers. Its co-working spaces, welcoming expat community, and laid-back lifestyle have made it a top destination for remote workers looking for a mix of work, culture, and great weather.
Top Things to Do in Lisbon:
- Experience the city’s modern side at LX Factory and meet fellow nomads in Lisbon’s co-working spaces and cafés.
- Wander through Alfama’s historic streets and listen to traditional Fado music.
- Visit the Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery to explore Portugal’s maritime past.
19. Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Mohenjo-Daro, located in Pakistan’s Sindh province, is one of the oldest cities in the world and a remarkable example of early urban civilization. Dating back to around 2500 BCE, it was a major center of the Indus Valley Civilization, showcasing advanced city planning and societal organization long before many other civilizations emerged.
Walking through the ruins, visitors can see the impressive Great Bath, a massive public water tank that highlights the engineering skills of its builders. The elevated Citadel area features granaries, assembly halls, and well-planned residential buildings, reflecting the city’s sophisticated layout. The site’s standardized brickwork, intricate drainage systems, and organized street grid reveal an advanced approach to urban living that was far ahead of its time.
For a deeper dive into the daily lives of Mohenjo-Daro’s inhabitants, the on-site museum displays artifacts such as pottery, tools, and sculptures that offer valuable insights into one of the earliest known civilizations. The archaeological significance of Mohenjo-Daro makes it a must-visit for those interested in ancient history and the roots of modern urban planning.
Top Things to Do in Mohenjo-Daro:
- Check out the Mohenjo-Daro Museum to view artifacts that bring the past to life.
- Explore the ruins and see the Great Bath, one of the city’s most iconic structures.
- Visit the Citadel to understand the layout and engineering of the ancient civilization.
20. Rome, Italy
I absolutely adored Rome! I visited back in 2009 with my mum (God rest her soul), and it was an unforgettable trip. The highlights for me were the Colosseum and the Sistine Chapel—two places that truly left me in awe. (Unfortunately I didn’t get any great pics, so I’ll just have to go back!)
The Colosseum, a breathtaking reminder of Imperial Rome, once hosted epic gladiatorial battles, while the nearby Roman Forum offers a glimpse into the political and social hub of the ancient world. The Pantheon, with its stunning dome and open oculus, showcases the city’s architectural brilliance. A visit to Vatican City is essential, where St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, adorned with Michelangelo’s masterpieces, create a sense of wonder unlike anywhere else.
I would love to return for a photography tour or spend a few days with a guide who knows everything about the city’s history—there’s just so much to uncover. Strolling through the charming Trastevere neighborhood is another must, with its traditional trattorias, lively piazzas, and laid-back local vibe. For those wanting to dive deeper, the National Archaeological Museum offers a fascinating collection of artifacts that bring Rome’s storied past to life.
Top Things to Do in Rome:
- Explore Trastevere’s quaint streets and enjoy traditional Roman cuisine.
- Step inside the Colosseum and walk through the ruins of the Roman Forum.
- Visit Vatican City to see St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.
Oldest Cities in the World to Visit in 2025- Summary
Exploring the oldest cities in the world is like stepping into a living history book, where ancient civilizations meet the rhythm of modern life. These destinations are more than just archaeological sites; they are thriving cities where history is woven into everyday experiences, from bustling markets to centuries-old landmarks.
Walk the alleys of Fez, feel the spiritual energy of Varanasi, or take in the grandeur of Rome—each city offers a unique glimpse into the past while remaining full of life today. They are places where traditions endure, architecture tells stories, and cultures continue to evolve while honoring their deep-rooted heritage.
As you plan your travels for 2025, consider adding a few of these incredible destinations to your itinerary. There’s something extraordinary about standing where history was made, immersing yourself in the stories of civilizations long gone, and creating your own memories in some of the world’s most fascinating and historic cities.
